Ìîíãîë óëñûí õàð íýðñ

Õàð íýðñ-Vaccinum myrtillus L. Bilberry

Õàð íýðñ íü 15-40ñì õ¿ðòýë ºíäºð, õóðö èðìýã á¿õèé èøòýé ñººã óðãàìàë. Øîâõ ¿ç¿¿ðòýé æèæèã ø¿ä á¿õèé èðì ýãòýé, ºíäºã õýëáýðèéí íîãîîí ºíãèéí íàâ÷èñ íü èøíèé ìº÷ð¿¿äýýñ áîãèíî áàðèóëààð öóâðàí ãàðíà. Áîãèíî õºëòýé öýöã¿¿ä íàâ÷íû ºâºðò íýã íýãýýð áàéðëàíà. Öîìèðëîã íü äýëáýýíèé äýýä òàëààð îðîîñîí íàðèéõàí ýìæýýð ìýò õàðàãäàíà. Öýöãèéí äýëáýý ÿãààâòàð öàéâàð ºíãºòýé, 5-6ìì óðò ãàäàãøàà ýðãýñýí òàâàí ø¿äòýé áàéíà. æèìñ íü õàð ºíãèéí áºìáºëºã õýëáýðòýé æèìñãýíý.

Õàð íýðñ Ìîíãîë îðíû Õýíòèéí óðãàìàë ãàçàðç¿éí òîéðîãò äàëü, õóøèí îéä óðãàíà.

Õàð íýðñíèé ¿ð æèìñãýíä ºòãºðäºã òàíèä 12%, ñàõàð ôðóêòîç 3.68%, ãëþêîç 2.45%, àíòîöèàí 700ìã%, îðãàíèê õ¿÷èë 7%, ïåêòèíû áîäèñ, àñêîðáèíû õ¿÷èë 7.0-12.3 ìã%, êàðîòèí, êàòåõèí 206ìã %, ôëàâîíîèä, òèàìèí, ðèáîôëàâèí  àãóóëàãäàíà. ¯ð æèìñíèéõ íü óëààí ÿãààí ºíãèéã ìàëüâèäèí áà äåëüôèíèäèí õýìýýõ àíòîöèîíû ãëèêîçèäîîñ á¿ðäñýí áóäàã÷ áîäèñ ìèðòèëëèí òîäîðõîéëäîã áàéíà. Õàð íýðñíèé íàâ÷èíä ïèðîêàòåõèíû á¿ëãèéí àðãààõ áîäèñ 20%, àðáóòèí 1-2%, ãèäðîõèíèí 1%, ìèðòèëëèí 1-2%, ôëàâíîèä, òðèòåðïåíèé ñàïîíèí áàéíà.

Õàð íýðñíèé íàâ÷ íü àðãààõ, ¿ðýâñëèéí ýñðýã, öàãààí õîðõîé òóóëãàõ, øýýñ ÿëãàðóóëàõ, öºñ õººõ, íîéð áóë÷èðõàéí ¿éë àæèëëàãààã çîõèöóóëàõ, öóñàí äàõ ñàõàðûã áàãàñãàõ íºëºº ¿ç¿¿ëäýã. Õàòààñàí æèìñ íü àðãààõ, øèíýõýí ò¿¿ñýí æèìñ íü õºëºðãºõ, ¿ðýâñëèéí ýñðýã, øýýñ õººõ, öóñ òîãòîîõ, áîäèñûí ñîëèëöîîã çîõèöóóëàõ, õîîë áîëîâñðóóëàõ ¿éë àæèëëàãààã ñàéæðóóëàõ ¿éë÷èëãýýòýé.

Íàâ÷íû èäýýøìýë õàíäûã ÷èõðèéí øèæèí, õîäîîä ãýäýñíèé çàìûí ºâ÷èí, Ẻð äàâñàãíû ¿ðýâñýë, ýëýã, íîéð áóë÷èðõàéí ºâ÷èíä òóñ òóñ õýðýãëýíý. ̺í õàð íýðñíèé ¿ð æèìñèéã õàðààíû ýðõòýíèé ººð÷ëºëòèéã ýì÷ëýõýä õýðýãëýíý.

"ýìèéí óðãàìàë ñóäëàë" Ä.Ýíõæàðãàë, Á.Áàÿñãàëàí, Ñ.Ï¿ðýâñ¿ðýí. 2004

Vaccinium myrtillus is a species of shrub with edible fruit of blue color, commonly called "bilberry", "whortleberry" or European blueberry.^[3] It has much in common with the American blueberry (Vaccinium cyanococcus). It is more precisely called common bilberry or blue whortleberry, to distinguish it from other Vaccinium relatives. Regional names include blaeberry, hurtleberry,^[4]huckleberry, winberry^[5] and fraughan.^[6]

Bilberry is a small (5-30, rarely 60 cm tall), somewhat spreading, perennial, deciduous, shrub with slender angular branches arising from a creeping rhizome. Plants are usually shorter at higher elevations. The roots are slim (1.5-2 mm in diameter), much-branched, and often form an interconnected mat in the top 5 cm of substrate. The leaves are 10-30 mm long and bright green. The flowers are globular and waxy, with pale-green or pinkish petals 5-6 mm long. The bluish-black (occasionally reddish, bluish, or blackish), globose, flat-topped berries are 5-10 mm in diameter, sometimes covered when ripe with a delicate grey bloom; they have a slightly acid, sweet flavour. The berries may contain up to 40 seeds, although generally only half this number are viable..Ï¿ðýâñ¿ðý

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the richest natural sources of anthocyanins. These polyphenolic components give bilberry its blue/black color and high antioxidant content, and they are believed to be the key bioactives responsible for the many reported health benefits of bilberry and other berry fruits. Although bilberry is promoted most commonly for improving vision, it has been reported to lower blood glucose, to have anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects, and to promote antioxidant defense and lower oxidative stress. Therefore, bilberry is of potential value in the treatment or prevention of conditions associated with inflammation, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia or increased oxidative stress, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, diabetes, and dementia and other age-related diseases. There are also reports that bilberry has antimicrobial activity. In this chapter, bilberry and its components and characteristics are described, and evidence for the health benefits of bilberry is presented and discussed.

The genus name (Vaccinium) is of disputed origin; it may have arisen from the Latin vacca, cow, allegedly because cows like eating the plant, or from bacca, berry, in allusion to the numerous berries.

The specific term (myrtillus) is a reference to the myrtle-like leaves.

Vaccinium myrtillus should not be confused with V. myrtilloides Michx., the velvet-leaf or sour-top blueberry, which is Canada's most widespread wild species of blueberry, occurring from coast to coast.

Morphology

Bilberry is a small (5-30, rarely 60 cm tall), somewhat spreading, perennial, deciduous, shrub with slender angular branches arising from a creeping rhizome. Plants are usually shorter at higher elevations. The roots are slim (1.5-2 mm in diameter), much-branched, and often form an interconnected mat in the top 5 cm of substrate. The leaves are 10-30 mm long and bright green. The flowers are globular and waxy, with pale-green or pinkish petals 5-6 mm long. The bluish-black (occasionally reddish, bluish, or blackish), globose, flat-topped berries are 5-10 mm in diameter, sometimes covered when ripe with a delicate grey bloom; they have a slightly acid, sweet flavour. The berries may contain up to 40 seeds, although generally only half this number are viable.